Is it true that a board's operation is determined by responsibilities and powers delegated to it by an authority outside itself?

The statement that a board's operation is determined by responsibilities and powers delegated to it by an authority outside itself is indeed true. This reflects the fundamental structure of many organizational boards, including those in non-profit and corporate settings. Boards typically derive their authority from a larger governing body, such as a parent organization, membership, or founding documents.

For instance, a board may be formed to implement policies or decisions made by the organization's founders or shareholders, which delineates the specific powers and responsibilities the board holds. This ensures that the board operates within a framework established by an authoritative source, thereby maintaining accountability and alignment with the organization's mission.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the general principle of governance that involves external authority. The board's authority is not entirely independent; rather, it is shaped by the structure and regulations imposed by that outer governing authority. This illustrates the interconnectedness of organizational governance and the necessity for boards to operate within defined parameters.